Exploring structured scripting cartographic technique of GMT for ocean seafloor modeling: A case of the East Indian Ocean

This paper examines spatial variations in the geomorphology of Ninety East Ridge (NER), located Indian Ocean. The NER is an extraordinary long linear bathymetric feature with topography reflecting complex geophysical setting and geologic evolution. research based on a compilation high-resolution bathymetric, geological, gravity datasets clipped for study area extent (65° - 107°E, 35°S 21°N): General Bathymetric Chart Oceans (GEBCO), Earth Gravitational Model (EGM2008, EGM96). submarine was modeled by digitized cross-sectional profiles using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT). availability method explained 1) free datasets; 2) open source GMT toolset; 3) available tutorials codes this work. Three segments were selected, digitized, modeled: northern 89°E, 7°S to 90°E, 7°N; central 88.4°E, 14.7°S 88.8°E, 8.2°S; southern 87.9°E, 17°S 87.5°E, 27°S. Measured depths visualized graphs, compared, statistically analyzed histograms. segment has steepness 21.3° at western slopes, 14.5° eastern slope. slopes flank have dominant SE orientation. bell-shaped form, highest comparing segments. 49.5°. A local depression distance 50 km off from axis (90°E) continues parallel NER, shape narrow minor trench. slope 57.6°, decreasing 15.6°. dome-like form. Compared segments, it less pronounced ridge crest, 24.9° west. 36.8° until 70 km, gradually becoming steeper 44.23°. trench structure can be seen its (100 axis). corresponds very topographic depressions stretching 90.5°E. contributes regional geographic studies Ocean cartographic presentation functionality marine oceanographic studies.